Gilles is in the air

Median nerve stimulation in tic disorders

A long-awaited episode with Professor Stephen Jackson and Dr Barbara Morera from the University of Nottingham and Neurotherapeutics Ltd. 
They have been developing "a safe and effective non-drug treatment that reduces tics and the urge to tic, through gentle stimulation of the median nerve in the wrist". 
We are grateful to them for taking the time to answer very important questions that help us understand the effect of median nerve stimulation on tic suppression. 
Please find below the questions addressed and the key points of our conversation. 
Why is non-invasive stimulation of interest in the pathophysiological mechanism of tic generation?
How did the idea of using peripheral stimulation in modulating cortical motor excitability in tics occur?
When exploring the effect of median nerve stimulation on tic suppression in your study, what was your methodology (in terms of number of participants, inclusion criteria e.g. comorbidities, time and recurrence of stimulation, assessment of efficacy)?
What did it show? Did the MNS lead to a statistically significant reduction of tics?  
Is MNS supposed to work only during stimulation?
You showed that rhythmic but not arrhythmic trains of MNS lead to entrainment of 12 Hz oscillations and are of interest in tic reduction, is that right? How would you interpret this result?
In your work, tic intensity and tic frequency were studied.
What scale did you use?
Did you distinguish vocal tics and motor tics?
Did the participants have particularly severe forms of TS?
How did you demonstrate that these results are not only the effects of distraction?
What is the effect of MNS of volitional movements and cognitive function?
Who would benefit the most from MNS? / For what use in real life would MNS be useful? Both for children and adults? 
What do people feel when receiving this stimulation? Is it painful, irritating, annoying, strange?
Does MNS have a main effect or PU or tics? Are we able to know at this point
Is there a study planned with a larger sample or another objective? 
Is there another use of MNS in movement disorders?
When do you think it will be available on the market? At what price?
Stephen Jackson is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Nottingham and Director of the University’s Centre for Neuromodulation, Neurotechnology, and Neurotherapeutics. He is a co-founder of Neurotherapeutics Ltd, a university medical device spin-out established in 2021 to develop a wearable for of non-invasive brain stimulation (the Neupulse device) for the treatment of tic disorders. His current research focuses on developing non-invasive brain stimulation treatments for a range of brain disorders and mental health conditions.
Dr Barbara Morera is a neuroscientist who has been working with Prof. Stephen Jackson on the development of a non-invasive treatment for Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder for the last 8 years. Co-founder of the company Neurotherapeutics, a spin out company from the University of Nottingham, founded with the aim to make this treatment available for those who would like to control their tics. 
 

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in pregnancy

Our guest for the 7th episode of "Gilles is in the air" is Dr Anna Castrioto from the Grenoble Alps University Hospital in France.
View her research works. 
We talk about hormonal changes and tics, contraception methods in association with anti-tic treatments, tic changes during pregnancy and post-partum, treatments that are not recommended during pregnancy and the ones that are harmless.We address the same questions in relation to breast-feeding, enquire about concerns for DBS in women with TS during pregnancy and the difficulties they encounter in coping with TS in their role as mothers.

Symptom severity and health impacts of functional tic-like behaviours in youth

For our 6th episode, Christelle Nilles interviews Lindsay Berg, a special guest, who is very knowledgeable about today's particularly important topic.
Lindsay Berg is a Master’s student at the University of Calgary in the Clinical Psychology Program.
Her current research focuses on care equity and on examining barriers and facilitators of medical and mental health care for trans and gender diverse youth.
She previously worked in the Movement disorders clinic investigating functional tic-like behaviours.
 
(We apologise for the suboptimal audio quality at certain parts.)

Tourette syndrome at school; challenges and perspectives

For our 5th episode of "Gilles is in the air", we reach out to parents and teachers to hear about the challenges that they and their children are encountering within the school environment, and the solutions and mechanisms that help them in various situations.
Christelle Nilles interviews Lucy Toghill, Education Manager at Tourettes Action UK, Jose Rosa and Phillip Schöne from Spain and New Zealand respectively and currently based in Valencia, and Christina Papakaliati, founder of the newly formed, Tourette Greece. 
We are very grateful for their time and willingness to share their stories!
Useful links by Tourettes Action UK: 
Education link
Information for Education Professionals link
You may also view Christina Papakaliatis' video recording included in the "TS-underrepresented zones" session at our conference in Varese in June 2024.

Early-Life and Family Risk Factors for Tic Disorder Persistence into Adulthood

For our 4th episode of "Gilles is in the air", Christelle Nilles talks to Professor David Mataix-Cols who works at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, as a Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Science. 
We are delighted to hear about his very important article “Early-Life and Family Risk Factors for Tic Disorder Persistence into Adulthood”, published in Movement Disorders in 2023.